Laura Ingalls Wilder Laura Ingalls Wilder and Her Family

American writer, teacher, and journalist

Laura Ingalls Wilder
Laura Ingalls Wilder, circa 1885
Born	Laura Elizabeth Ingalls (1867-02-07)February 7, 1867 Pepin County, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died	Feb 10, 1957(1957-02-x) (aged 90) Mansfield, Missouri, U.Southward.
Resting identify	Mansfield Cemetery, Mansfield, Missouri, U.S.
Occupation	Writer teacher announcer family unit farmer
Catamenia	1911–1957 (as a writer)
Genre	Diaries, essays, family unit saga (children'south historical novels)
Bailiwick	Midwestern and Western
Notable works	Little Firm on the Prairie Trivial Firm series
Notable awards	Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal est. 1954
Spouse	Almanzo Wilder ​ ​ (m. 1885; died 1949)​
Children	2, including Rose Wilder Lane
Parents	Charles Ingalls Caroline Lake Quiner
Relatives	Mary Ingalls (sister) Caroline "Carrie" Ingalls Swansey (sister) Charles Frederick "Freddie" Ingalls (blood brother) Grace Ingalls Dow (sis)
Signature

Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder (February vii, 1867 – February ten, 1957) was an American writer, by and large known for the Niggling House on the Prairie series of children'due south books, published between 1932 and 1943, which were based on her babyhood in a settler and pioneer family.^[1]

During the 1970s and early on 1980s, the boob tube series Little Firm on the Prairie was loosely based on the Lilliputian Business firm books, and starred Melissa Gilbert as Laura and Michael Landon every bit her begetter, Charles Ingalls.^[2]

Birth and ancestry [edit]

Caroline and Charles Ingalls

Laura Elizabeth Ingalls was built-in to Charles Phillip and Caroline Lake (née Quiner) Ingalls on February 7, 1867. At the time of Ingalls' birth, the family unit lived seven miles due north of the village of Pepin, Wisconsin, in the Large Woods region of Wisconsin. Ingalls' habitation in Pepin became the setting for her first volume, Little Firm in the Big Wood (1932). ^[iii] She was the second of five children, following older sister, Mary Amelia.^{[4] [v] [6] [7]} Three more children would follow, Caroline Celestia (Carrie), Charles Frederick, who died in infancy, and Grace Pearl. Ingalls Wilder's nascence site is commemorated by a replica log cabin at the Piffling House Wayside in Pepin.^[8]

Ingalls was a descendant of the Delano family unit, the ancestral family of U.Due south. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.^{[9] [10]} I paternal ancestor, Edmund Ingalls, from Skirbeck, Lincolnshire, England, emigrated to America, settling in Lynn, Massachusetts.^[ix]

Laura is the seventh great granddaughter of the Mayflower passenger Richard Warren.^[11] She was a third cousin, once removed, of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.^[12]

Early on life [edit]

When she was two years old, Ingalls Wilder moved with her family from Wisconsin in 1869. After stopping in Rothville, Missouri, they settled in the Indian state of Kansas, near modern-twenty-four hours Independence, Kansas. Her younger sister, Carrie, was born in Independence in August 1870, not long before they moved again. According to Ingalls Wilder, her father Charles Ingalls had been told that the location would be open to white settlers, but when they arrived this was not the case. The Ingalls family had no legal right to occupy their homestead because it was on the Osage Indian reservation. They had just begun to farm when they heard rumors that settlers would be evicted, so they left in the leap of 1871. Although in her novel, Little House on the Prairie, and Pioneer Girl memoir, Ingalls Wilder portrayed their departure every bit existence prompted by rumors of eviction, she too noted that her parents needed to recover their Wisconsin country considering the heir-apparent had non paid the mortgage.^[thirteen]

The Ingalls family unit went back to Wisconsin where they lived for the adjacent three years. Those experiences formed the basis for Wilder's novels Little House in the Big Woods (1932) and the get-go of Little House on the Prairie (1935).

On the Banks of Plum Creek (1939), the third volume of her fictionalized history which takes place effectually 1874, the Ingalls family moves from Kansas to an expanse near Walnut Grove, Minnesota, settling in a dugout on the banks of Plum Creek.^[14]

Laura Ingalls Wilder dugout location

They moved there from Wisconsin when Ingalls was nigh seven years old, later on briefly living with the family unit of her uncle, Peter Ingalls, first in Wisconsin and and then on rented land virtually Lake City, Minnesota. In Walnut Grove, the family first lived in a dugout sod house on a preemption merits; afterward wintering in it, they moved into a new house built on the aforementioned land. Ii summers of ruined crops led them to move to Iowa. On the way, they stayed once more with Charles Ingalls' brother, Peter Ingalls, this time on his farm nigh S Troy, Minnesota. Her blood brother, Charles Frederick Ingalls ("Freddie"), was born there on November 1, 1875, dying nine months afterward in August 1876. In Burr Oak, Iowa, the family unit helped run a hotel. The youngest of the Ingalls children, Grace, was born there on May 23, 1877.

The family unit moved from Burr Oak dorsum to Walnut Grove where Charles Ingalls served as the town butcher and justice of the peace. He accepted a railroad job in the jump of 1879, which took him to eastern Dakota Territory, where they joined him that fall. Ingalls Wilder omitted the period in 1876–1877 when they lived near Burr Oak, skipping to Dakota Territory, portrayed in By the Shores of Silver Lake (1939).

De Smet [edit]

Surveyor's House, the first domicile in Dakota Territory of the Charles Ingalls family – De Smet, South Dakota

Wilder's father filed for a formal homestead over the winter of 1879–1880.^[15] De Smet, S Dakota, became her parents' and sister Mary, who was blind, dwelling for the remainder of their lives. After spending the mild winter of 1879–1880 in the surveyor's house, they watched the town of De Smet ascension upward from the prairie in 1880. The post-obit winter, 1880–1881, one of the most astringent on record in the Dakotas, was after described by Ingalls Wilder in her novel, The Long Winter (1940). Once the family unit was settled in De Smet, Ingalls attended school, worked several part-fourth dimension jobs, and fabricated friends. Among them was available homesteader Almanzo Wilder. This time in her life is documented in the books Little Town on the Prairie (1941) and These Happy Golden Years (1943).

Young instructor [edit]

On Dec 10, 1882, two months before her 16th birthday, Ingalls accustomed her outset teaching position.^[16] She taught three terms in one-room schools when she was not attention school in De Smet. (In Trivial Town on the Prairie she receives her first teaching certificate on December 24, 1882, but that was an enhancement for dramatic effect.^{[ citation needed ]}) Her original "Tertiary Grade" educational activity document tin be seen on page 25 of William Anderson'southward book Laura's Album (1998).^[17] She later admitted she did not particularly bask it, but felt a responsibility from a young age to help her family financially, and wage-earning opportunities for women were limited. Between 1883 and 1885, she taught 3 terms of school, worked for the local dressmaker, and attended high schoolhouse, although she did not graduate.

Early matrimony years [edit]

Rose Wilder Lane birthplace roadside mark – De Smet

Laura and Almanzo Wilder, circa 1885

Location of Wilder homestead where both of Wilder's children were born – De Smet

Ingalls' teaching career and studies ended when the 18-year-erstwhile Laura married 28-year-old Almanzo Wilder on August 25, 1885, in De Smet, Southward Dakota.^{[18] [xix]} From the beginning of their relationship, the pair had nicknames for each other: she called him "Manly" and he, because he had a sister named Laura, called her "Bess", from her middle name, Elizabeth.^[nineteen] Almanzo had achieved a caste of prosperity on his homestead claim;^[20] the newly married couple started their life together in a new habitation, due north of De Smet.^[21]

On December five, 1886, Wilder gave birth to her daughter, Rose. In 1889, she gave birth to a son who died at 12 days of age before being named. He was buried at De Smet, Kingsbury Canton, Due south Dakota.^{[22] [23]} On the grave marking, he is remembered every bit "Baby Son of A. J. Wilder".^[24]

Their first few years of matrimony were difficult. Complications from a life-threatening tour of diphtheria left Almanzo partially paralyzed. Although he somewhen regained well-nigh full utilize of his legs, he needed a cane to walk for the residual of his life. This setback, among many others, began a series of unfortunate events that included the death of their newborn son, the destruction of their befouled forth with its hay and grain by a mysterious fire,^[25] the total loss of their abode from a fire accidentally prepare past Rose,^[26] and several years of severe drought that left them in debt, physically ill, and unable to earn a living from their 320 acres (129.5 hectares) of prairie land. These trials were documented in Wilder's book The First Four Years (published in 1971). Effectually 1890, they left De Smet and spent near a twelvemonth resting at the domicile of Almanzo'south parents on their Jump Valley, Minnesota, farm earlier moving briefly to Westville, Florida, in search of a climate to better Almanzo's health. They found, however, that the dry plains they were used to were very different from the humidity they encountered in Westville. The atmospheric condition, forth with feeling out of place among the locals, encouraged their return to De Smet in 1892, where they purchased a pocket-size dwelling.^{[27] [28]}

Motion to Mansfield, Missouri [edit]

Rocky Ridge Farm, Mansfield, Missouri

In 1894, the Wilders moved to Mansfield, Missouri, and used their savings to make the downwardly payment on an undeveloped belongings just exterior town. They named the place Rocky Ridge Farm^[29] and moved into a ramshackle log cabin. At first, they earned income only from wagon loads of fire wood they would sell in boondocks for 50 cents. Fiscal security came slowly. Apple trees they planted did not deport fruit for 7 years. Almanzo's parents visited around that time and gave them the deed to the house they had been renting in Mansfield, which was the economical boost Wilder's family needed. They and so added to the holding outside boondocks, and eventually accrued about 200 acres (80.9 hectares). Effectually 1910, they sold the house in town, moved dorsum to the subcontract, and completed the farmhouse with the proceeds. What began as almost twoscore acres (sixteen.2 hectares) of thickly wooded, stone-covered hillside with a windowless log motel became in xx years a relatively prosperous poultry, dairy, and fruit subcontract, and a ten-room farmhouse.^[30]

The Wilders had learned from cultivating wheat every bit their sole ingather in De Smet. They diversified Rocky Ridge Farm with poultry, a dairy farm, and a large apple tree orchard. Wilder became active in various clubs and was an advocate for several regional farm associations. She was recognized as an say-so in poultry farming and rural living, which led to invitations to speak to groups around the region.^[31]

Writing career [edit]

An invitation to submit an article to the Missouri Ruralist in 1911 led to Wilder's permanent position equally a columnist and editor with that publication, which she held until the mid-1920s. She likewise took a paid position with the local Farm Loan Association, dispensing small-scale loans to local farmers.

Wilder's cavalcade in the Ruralist, "As a Farm Woman Thinks", introduced her to a loyal audience of rural Ozarkians, who enjoyed her regular columns. Her topics ranged from home and family, including her 1915 trip to San Francisco, California, to visit Rose Lane and the Pan-Pacific exhibition, to World War I and other earth events, and to the fascinating world travels of Lane as well as her own thoughts on the increasing options offered to women during this era. While the couple were never wealthy until the "Little House" books began to achieve popularity, the farming performance and Wilder'due south income from writing and the Farm Loan Association provided them with a stable living.

"[Past] 1924", according to the Professor John E. Miller, "[a]fter more than a decade of writing for farm papers, Wilder had go a disciplined writer, able to produce thoughtful, readable prose for a general audience." At this time, her now-married daughter, Rose Wilder Lane, helped her publish two articles describing the interior of the farmhouse, in Country Gentleman mag.^[32]

Information technology was likewise around this fourth dimension that Lane began intensively encouraging Wilder to improve her writing skills with a view toward greater success as a author than Lane had already accomplished.^[33] The Wilders, according to Miller, had come to "[depend] on almanac income subsidies from their increasingly famous and successful daughter." They both had ended that the solution for improving their retirement income was for Wilder to go a successful writer herself. Even so, the "project never proceeded very far."^[34]

In 1928, Lane hired out the construction of an English-style rock cottage for her parents on property next to the farmhouse they had personally built and still inhabited. She remodeled and took it over.^[35]

Little House books [edit]

The Stock Market place Crash of 1929 wiped the Wilders out; Lane's investments were devastated as well. They withal endemic the 200-acre (81-hectare) farm, simply they had invested well-nigh of their savings with Lane's banker. In 1930, Wilder requested Lane's opinion about an autobiographical manuscript she had written nearly her pioneering childhood. The Great Low, coupled with the deaths of Wilder's female parent in 1924 and her older sister in 1928, seem to have prompted her to preserve her memories in a life story called Pioneer Girl. She also hoped that her writing would generate some boosted income. The original championship of the first of the books was When Grandma Was a Piffling Girl.^[36] On the advice of Lane's publisher, she greatly expanded the story. Equally a upshot of Lane'south publishing connections as a successful author and later editing by her, Harper & Brothers published Wilder'due south book in 1932 every bit Fiddling House in the Big Woods. Afterward its success, she continued writing. The close and often rocky collaboration betwixt her and Lane continued, in person until 1935, when Lane permanently left Rocky Ridge Subcontract, and later on past correspondence.

The collaboration worked both ways: two of Lane's most successful novels, Let the Hurricane Roar (1932) and Free Country (1938), were written at the same fourth dimension as the "Little House" series and basically retold Ingalls and Wilder family tales in an adult format.^[37]

[edit]

Some, including Lane'southward biographer, William Holtz, accept alleged that Wilder'due south daughter was her ghostwriter.^[38] Existing evidence includes ongoing correspondence between the women almost the books' evolution, Lane'south all-encompassing diaries, and Wilder's handwritten manuscripts with edit notations shows an ongoing collaboration between the 2 women.^[21]

Miller, using this tape, describes varying levels of interest by Lane. Little House in the Big Woods (1932) and These Happy Golden Years (1943), he notes, received the least editing. "The commencement pages ... and other big sections of [Large Wood]", he observes, "stand largely intact, indicating ... from the kickoff ...[Laura'south] talent for narrative clarification."^[39] Some volumes saw heavier participation by Lane,^[twoscore] while The Offset Four Years (1971) appears to be exclusively a Wilder work.^[41] Concludes Miller, "In the finish, the lasting literary legacy remains that of the female parent more that of the daughter ... Lane possessed style; Wilder had substance."^[37]

The controversy over authorship is often tied to the movement to read the Little Firm series through an ideological lens. Lane emerged in the 1930s every bit an avowed bourgeois polemicist and critic of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration and his New Bargain programs. Co-ordinate to a 2012 commodity in the New Yorker, "When Roosevelt was elected, she noted in her diary, 'America has a dictator.' She prayed for his assassination, and considered doing the task herself."^[42] Whatever Lane's politics, "attacks on [Wilder'southward] authorship seem aimed at infusing her books with ideological passions they but don't have."^[43]

Indelible appeal [edit]

The original Little Firm books, written for elementary school–age children, became an indelible, eight-volume record of pioneering life late in the 19th century based on the Ingalls family unit'southward experiences on the American frontier. As Irene Smith pointed out presently afterward "These Happy Golden Years (1943) was published, Wilder began "with a style highly-seasoned to the eight-year-olds and standing in volumes of increasing length and difficulty. This graduation is a distinguishing characteristic of the Niggling Business firm books."^[44] The First Iv Years, about the early days of the Wilder matrimony, was discovered past her literary executor Roger MacBride later Lane's 1968 death and published in 1971, unedited past Lane or MacBride. It is at present marketed as the 9th volume.^[41]

Since the publication of Footling House in the Big Woods (1932), the books accept been continuously in print and accept been translated into 40 other languages. Wilder'due south first—and smallest—royalty cheque from Harper, in 1932, was for $500, equivalent to $9,480 in 2020. By the mid-1930s the royalties from the Little Business firm books brought a steady and increasingly substantial income to the Wilders for the beginning time in their fifty years of marriage. The collaboration also brought the two writers at Rocky Ridge Farm the money they needed to compensate the loss of their investments in the stock market place. Various honors, huge amounts of fan post, and other accolades were bestowed on Wilder.^{[ citation needed ]}

Autobiography: Pioneer Girl [edit]

In 1929–1930, already in her early 60s, Wilder began writing her autobiography, titled Pioneer Daughter. It was rejected by publishers. At Lane'due south urging, she rewrote most of her stories for children. The issue was the Petty House series of books. In 2014, the South Dakota State Historical Society published an annotated version of Wilder'south autobiography, titled Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Autobiography.^{[45] [46]}

Pioneer Daughter includes stories that Wilder felt were inappropriate for children: east.g., a man accidentally immolating himself while drunk, and an incident of extreme violence of a local shopkeeper confronting his wife, which ended with his setting their firm on burn. She also describes previously unknown facets of her begetter'due south grapheme. Co-ordinate to its publisher, "Wilder's fiction, her autobiography, and her real childhood are all distinct things, just they are closely intertwined." The book's aim was to explore the differences, including incidents with conflicting or non-existing accounts in one or another of the sources.^[47]

Political views [edit]

Wilder has been referred to past some equally one of America's first libertarians.^[48] She was a longtime Democrat, but became dismayed with Roosevelt's New Deal and what she and her daughter, Rose Wilder Lane, saw as Americans' increasing dependence on the federal government. Wilder grew disenchanted with her party and resented government agents who came to farms like hers and grilled farmers about the number of acres they were planting.^[49] Her daughter was a similarly strongly libertarian.^{[50] [49] [51]}

Wilder supported women's rights (though she worried that women would vote according to what their husbands wanted, and not as they wanted)^[52] and education reform.^[52] She also became infamous for a curt menses for shaking the paw of an African American man, which was controversial for segregated Missouri.^[52] Indeed, part of the plot of Niggling Business firm on the Prairie involves an African American doctor saving the Ingalls family'due south lives.^[53]

Later life and death [edit]

Upon Lane's departure from Rocky Ridge Farm, Laura and Almanzo moved back into the farmhouse they had congenital, which had most recently been occupied by friends.^[35] From 1935 on, they were lone at Rocky Ridge Subcontract. Nearly of the surrounding area (including the property with the rock cottage Lane had congenital for them) was sold, but they yet kept some farm animals, and tended their flower beds and vegetable gardens. Almost daily, carloads of fans stopped by, eager to meet the "Laura" of the Little House books.

The Wilders lived independently and without financial worries until Almanzo's death at the farm in 1949 at age 92. Wilder remained on the farm. For the side by side eight years, she lived solitary, looked later on past a circle of neighbors and friends. She connected an active correspondence with her editors, fans, and friends during these years.

Gravesite of Laura Ingalls Wilder and married man Almanzo Wilder at Mansfield Cemetery, Mansfield, Missouri. Buried adjacent to them is daughter Rose Wilder Lane.

In autumn 1956, 89-year-quondam Wilder became severely ill from undiagnosed diabetes and cardiac issues. She was hospitalized by Lane, who had arrived for Thanksgiving. She was able to return home on the day afterward Christmas. Nonetheless, her health declined later her release from the hospital, and she died at dwelling in her sleep on February 10, 1957, three days afterward her 90th birthday.^[54] She was cached beside Almanzo at Mansfield Cemetery in Mansfield. Lane was buried side by side to them upon her death in 1968.^[55]

Estate [edit]

Following Wilder's decease, possession of Rocky Ridge Subcontract passed to the farmer who had before bought the property nether a life lease arrangement.^{[56] [57]} The local population put together a not-profit corporation to purchase the firm and its grounds for use as a museum.^[58] After some wariness at the notion of seeing the firm rather than the books be a shrine to Wilder, Lane came to believe that making a museum of it would draw long-lasting attending to the books. She donated the money needed to purchase the firm and make it a museum, agreed to make significant contributions each year for its budget, and donated many of her parents' belongings.^[59]

In compliance with Wilder's will, Lane inherited ownership of the Little House literary estate, with the stipulation that information technology exist for merely her lifetime, with all rights reverting to the Mansfield library after her death. Post-obit her demise in 1968, however, her chosen heir, Roger MacBride, gained control of the books' copyrights.^[60] as well as her business agent and lawyer. The copyrights to each of Wilder's "Little House" books, besides every bit those of Lane's ain literary works, were renewed in his proper name afterwards the original copyright had expired.^{[61] [62]}

Controversy arose following MacBride's death in 1995, when the Laura Ingalls Wilder Co-operative of the Wright Canton Library in Mansfield—the library founded in part past Wilder—tried to recover the rights to the series. The ensuing court case was settled in an undisclosed way, with MacBride'south heirs retaining the rights to Wilder's books. From the settlement, the library received plenty to offset work on a new building.^{[63] [64]}

The popularity of the Piffling House books has grown over the years following Wilder'due south death, spawning a multimillion-dollar franchise of mass merchandising under MacBride'south impetus.^[65] Results of the franchise accept included additional spinoff book series^{[ commendation needed ]}—some written by MacBride and his daughter, Abigail—and the long-running television series, starring Melissa Gilbert equally Wilder and Michael Landon every bit her father.

Works [edit]

Because she died in 1957, Wilder's works are now public domain in countries where the term of copyright lasts 50 years after the writer's death, or less; generally this does not include works first published posthumously. Works commencement published before 1924 or where copyright was not renewed, primarily her newspaper columns, are too public domain in the U.s..^{[ citation needed ]}

Lilliputian Business firm books [edit]

The viii "original" Niggling House books were published past Harper & Brothers with illustrations by Helen Sewell (the get-go three) or past Sewell and Mildred Boyle.

• Little Business firm in the Big Forest (1932) – named to the countdown Lewis Carroll Shelf Award list in 1958
• Farmer Boy (1933) – near Almanzo Wilder growing upwardly in New York
• Little Business firm on the Prairie (1935)
• On the Banks of Plum Creek (1937)^[a]
• By the Shores of Silver Lake (1939)^[a]
• The Long Wintertime (1940)^[a]
• Little Town on the Prairie (1941)^[a]
• These Happy Gilt Years (1943)^[a]

Other works [edit]

• On the Way Home (1962, published posthumously) – diary of the Wilders' motion from De Smet, South Dakota, to Mansfield, Missouri, edited and supplemented by Rose Wilder Lane^[66]
• The Showtime Four Years (1971, published posthumously by Harper & Row), illustrated by Garth Williams – commonly considered the 9th Niggling House book
• West from Habitation (1974, published posthumously), ed. Roger Lea MacBride – Wilder's messages to Almanzo while visiting her daughter Rose Wilder-Lane in 1915 in San Francisco^[67]
• Piddling House in the Ozarks: The Rediscovered Writings (1991)^[68] LCCN 91-10820 – collection of pre-1932 articles^[69]
• The Road Back Home, role iii (the only role previously unpublished) of A Piddling Firm Traveler: Writings from Laura Ingalls Wilder's Journeys Across America (2006, Harper) LCCN 2005-14975 – Wilder's record of a 1931 trip with Almanzo to De Smet, S Dakota, and the Black Hills
• A Little Firm Sampler (1988 or 1989, U. of Nebraska), with Rose Wilder Lane, ed. William Anderson, OCLC 16578355^[lxx]
• Writings to Young Women – Volume One: On Wisdom and Virtues, Volume Two: On Life as a Pioneer Woman, Volume Iii: As Told by Her Family unit, Friends, and Neighbors ^[71]
• A Little House Reader: A Drove of Writings (1998, Harper), ed. William Anderson^[70]
• Laura Ingalls Wilder & Rose Wilder Lane, 1937–1939 (1992, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library), ed. Timothy Walch – selections from letters exchanged past Wilder and Lane, with family photographs, OCLC 31440538
• Laura's Album: A Remembrance Scrapbook of Laura Ingalls Wilder (1998, Harper), ed. William Anderson, OCLC 865396917
• Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Autobiography (South Dakota Historical Social club Printing, 2014)^[45]
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1911–1916: The Small Subcontract ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1917–1918: The War Years ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1919–1920: The Farm Dwelling house ^{[ commendation needed ]}
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1921–1924: A Farm Adult female ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Laura Ingalls Wilder's Nigh Inspiring Writings ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Laura Ingalls Wilder: A Pioneer Girl'southward World View: Selected Newspaper Columns (Picayune House Prairie Series) ^{[ citation needed ]}
• The Selected Letters of Laura Ingalls Wilder, edited past William Anderson^[72]
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Farm Journalist: Writings from the Ozarks, edited by Stephen West. Hines^[73]
• Laura Ingalls Wilder'south Fairy Poems, Introduced and compiled past Stephen W. Hines^[74]

Legacy [edit]

Documentary [edit]

Little House on the Prairie: The Legacy of Laura Ingalls Wilder (February 2015) is a i-60 minutes documentary motion picture that looks at the life of Wilder. Wilder's story equally a writer, wife, and mother is explored through interviews with scholars and historians, archival photography, paintings past borderland artists, and dramatic reenactments.

Historic sites and museums [edit]

Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Lodge – De Smet, SD

• Laura Ingalls Wilder Home and Museum, Mansfield, Missouri
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Pepin, Wisconsin^[75]
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Walnut Grove, Minnesota^[76]
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Lodge museum and celebrated homes, De Smet, S Dakota; annual pageant performed here^{[77] [78] [79]}
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Park and Museum, Burr Oak, Iowa^[fourscore]
• Little House on the Prairie Museum, Independence, Kansas^[81]
• Wilder Homestead, Malone, NY^[82]
• De Smet Cemetery in Kingsbury County, Southward Dakota, where many Niggling Business firm Ingalls family unit members are buried

Portrayals on screen and stage [edit]

Multiple adaptations of Wilder's Little House on the Prairie book series have been produced for screen and stage. In them, the following actresses have portrayed Wilder:

• Melissa Gilbert in the television set series Footling House on the Prairie and its motion-picture show sequels (1974–1984)
• Kazuko Sugiyama (vocalisation) in the Japanese anime series Laura, The Prairie Girl (1975–1976)
• Meredith Monroe, Tess Harper (elderberry version), Alandra Bingham (younger version, part 1), Michelle Bevan (younger version, part 2) in part 1 and role ii of the Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder television films (2000 and 2002)
• Kyle Chavarria in the TV miniseries Fiddling Business firm on the Prairie (2005)
• Kara Lindsay in the Little House on the Prairie book musical (2008–2010)

Wilder Medal [edit]

Wilder was five times a runner-up for the annual Newbery Medal, the premier American Library Clan (ALA) volume award for children'south literature.^[a] In 1954, the ALA inaugurated a lifetime achievement accolade for children's writers and illustrators, named for Wilder, of which she was the first recipient. The Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal recognizes a living author or illustrator whose books, published in the U.s., have made "a substantial and lasting contribution to literature for children". As of 2013, it has been conferred nineteen times, biennially starting in 2001.^[84] In 2018, the accolade was renamed the Children'due south Literature Legacy Award in low-cal of language in Wilder'southward works which the Clan perceived as biased against Native Americans and African Americans.^[85]

Other [edit]

• Google Putter commemorated her 148th altogether in 2015.^[86]
• Hall of Famous Missourians at the Missouri Country Capitol – a bronze bust depicting Wilder is on permanent brandish in the rotunda. She was inducted in 1993.
• Missouri Walk of Fame – Wilder was honored on the Walk in 2006.^[87]
• Wilder crater on planet Venus was named afterwards Wilder.
• In her 1916 essay "Wait for Fairies Now", Wilder asked, "Of what use are eyes to a tree, I wonder?". The following century has seen continued inquiry on the detection of far-red receptors by plants, including as a possible gene in crown shyness.
• The Wilder Life: My Adventures in the Lost World of 'Little House on the Prairie', 2011 book by Wendy McClure

See also [edit]

References [edit]

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Five times from 1938 to 1944 Wilder was one of the runners-upwards for the American Library Clan Newbery Medal, recognizing the previous year's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children". The honored works were the last five of eight books in the Petty Firm series that were published in her lifetime.^[83]

Citations [edit]

1. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder | Biography, Books, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved February 4, 2020.
2. ^ Little House on the Prairie , retrieved May 14, 2019
3. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder". wisconsinhistory.org. Wisconsin Historical Society. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007.
4. ^ Benge, Janet and Geoff (2005). Laura Ingalls Wilder: A Storybook Life. YWAM Publishing. p. 180. ISBNone-932096-32-9.
5. ^ "What Really Caused Mary Ingalls to Go Bullheaded?". February 4, 2013. American University of Pediatrics. Press release announcing Allexan, et al.:
   • Allexan, Sarah S.; Byington, Carrie L.; Finkelstein, Jerome I.; Tarini, Beth A. (March 1, 2013). "Incomprehension in Walnut Grove: How Did Mary Ingalls Lose Her Sight?". Pediatrics. 131 (three): 404–06. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1438. PMC4074664. PMID 23382439.
6. ^ Dell'Antonia, KJ (February iv, 2013). "Scarlet Fever Probably Didn't Blind Mary Ingalls". The New York Times . Retrieved February iv, 2013.
7. ^ Serena, Gordon (Feb iv, 2013). "Mistaken Infection 'On The Prairie'?". HealthDay; U.S. News & World Study (usnews.com/wellness-news). Retrieved February 4, 2013.
8. ^ "Laura.pdf" (PDF). Little House Wayside; Pepin, Wisconsin (visitpepincounty.com). Retrieved February 8, 2015.
9. ^ ^{a b} Gormley, Myra Vanderpool; Rhonda R. McClure. "A Genealogical Look at Laura Ingalls Wilder". GenealogyMagazine.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
10. ^ "Eunice Sleeman". Edmund Rice (1638) Association (edmund-rice.org). 2002. Archived from the original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved April 20, 2010. Eunice Sleeman was the female parent of Eunice Blood (1782–1862), the wife of Nathan Colby (built-in 1778), who were the parents of Laura Louise Colby Ingalls (1810–1883), Ingalls' paternal grandmother
11. ^ Famous Kin: https://famouskin.com/famous-kin-chart.php?name=9317+richard+warren&kin=12145+laura+ingalls+wilder
12. ^ "Famous Descendants". MayflowerHistory.com.
13. ^ Kaye, Frances W. (2000). "Fiddling Squatter on the Osage Macerated Reserve: Reading Laura Ingalls Wilder's Kansas Indians". Great Plains Quarterly. 20 (ii): 123–140.
14. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Timeline". Laura Ingalls Wilder. The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum; National Archives and Records Assistants (hoover.archives.gov). Archived from the original on October 25, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
15. ^ "Land Records: Ingalls Homestead File". National Athenaeum. August 15, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
16. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Timeline". Herbert Hoover Presidential Library & Museum. Herbert Hoover Presidential Library & Museum. Archived from the original on August xiv, 2003. Retrieved Jan 27, 2017.
17. ^ Anderson, William (1998). Laura'south Album. Harper Collins.
18. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Historical Timeline". December 28, 2018.
19. ^ ^{a b} Wilder, Laura Ingalls; Wilder, Almanzo (1974). Westward from Habitation: Letters of Laura Ingalls Wilder, San Francisco, 1915. HarperCollins. p. xvii.
20. ^ Ketcham, Sallie (2014). Laura Ingalls Wilder: American Writer on the Prairie. Routledge. ISBN978-1136725739.
21. ^ ^{a b} Thurman, Judith. "Wilder Women". The New Yorker . Retrieved February 4, 2020.
22. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Timeline". hoover.archives.gov. Westward Branch, IA, Usa: The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on May 25, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
23. ^ "De Smet Info". ingallshomestead.com . Retrieved June 8, 2016.
24. ^ "Christian Living: A Magazine for Home and Customs". Mennonite Publishing House. March 3, 1963 – via Google Books.
25. ^ Miller 1998, p. 80.
26. ^ Miller 1998, p. 84.
27. ^ "The story behind the stories: Laura Ingalls Wilder's life in Minnesota and across". MinnPost. August 19, 2014. Retrieved Feb 4, 2020.
28. ^ Messud, Claire (April 19, 2018). "Wilder and Wilder". New York Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504. Retrieved February iv, 2020.
29. ^ "Laura'south Life on Rocky Ridge Farm". Laura Ingalls Wilder Historic Home & Museum. November v, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
30. ^ Danilov, Victor J. (2013). Famous Americans: A Directory of Museums, Historic Sites, and Memorials. Scarecrow Press. ISBN978-0-8108-9186-9.
31. ^ Wilder, Laura Ingalls (2007). Hines, Stephen W. (ed.). Laura Ingalls Wilder, farm announcer : writings from the Ozarks. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN978-0826266156. OCLC 427509646.
32. ^ Miller 1998, p. 161.
33. ^ Miller 1998, p. 162.
34. ^ Miller 2008, p. 24.
35. ^ ^{a b} Miller 1998, p. 177.
36. ^ Hines-Dochterman, Meredith (September 30, 2005). "Students visiting Wilder's prairie". St. Joseph News-Press.
37. ^ ^{a b} Miller 2008, p. xl.
38. ^ Holtz 1993.^{[ full citation needed ]}
39. ^ Miller 1998, pp. 6, 190.
40. ^ Miller 2008, pp. 37 et seq.
41. ^ ^{a b} Thurman, Judith (August 10, 2009). "Wilder Women: The mother and daughter behind the Piffling House stories". The New Yorker . Retrieved February eight, 2015.
42. ^ Thurman, Judith (August 16, 2012). "A Libertarian House on the Prairie". The New Yorker . Retrieved February eight, 2015.
43. ^ Fraser, Caroline (October 10, 2012). "'Footling House on the Prairie': Tea Political party manifesto". Los Angeles Review of Books . Retrieved February 8, 2015 – via Salon (salon.com).
44. ^ Irene Smith, "Laura Ingalls Wilder and The Little House Books", in William Anderson, ed. The Horn Book's Laura Engalls Wilder, The Horn Book, n.p., 1987, p. 12.
45. ^ ^{a b} "Pioneer Daughter is out!". Nov 21, 2014. Pioneer Girl Project (pioneergirlproject.org). S Dakota Historical Social club Printing. Retrieved October fifteen, 2015.
46. ^ Higgins, Jim (December 5, 2014). "Laura Ingalls Wilder's annotated autobiography, 'Pioneer Girl,' shows writer's earth, growth". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . Retrieved December 23, 2014.
47. ^ Flood, Alison (August 25, 2014). "Laura Ingalls Wilder memoir reveals truth behind Little House on the Prairie". The Guardian . Retrieved August 26, 2014.
48. ^ Boaz, David (May 9, 2015). "The Legacy of Laura Ingalls Wilder, I of America'south First Libertarians". Fourth dimension . Retrieved June 11, 2019.
49. ^ ^{a b} Klein, Christopher (February 7, 2014). "Little Libertarians on the Prairie: The Hidden Politics Backside a Children'due south Classic". History.com . Retrieved June 11, 2019.
50. ^ Blakemore, Erin (April viii, 2016). "Politics on the Prairie: Laura Ingalls Wilder and Rose Wilder Lane". Daily Jstor . Retrieved June 11, 2019.
51. ^ McElroy, Wendy (April 2, 2019). "The Little Business firm on the Prairie of Laura Ingalls Wilder". LewRockwell.com . Retrieved June eleven, 2019.
52. ^ ^{a b c} Wilder, Fifty. I., & In Anderson, Westward. (2017). The selected letters of Laura Ingalls Wilder.
53. ^ Wilder, Fifty. I. (1932). Little house in the big forest: Little house on the prairie. New York: Harper & Row.
54. ^ "Laura I. Wilder, Author, Dies at ninety. Writer of the 'Little House' Series for Children Was an Ex-Newspaper Editor. Wrote First Book at 65". The New York Times. Associated Press. February 12, 1957. Retrieved Oct 24, 2012. Mrs. Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the 'Trivial House' serial of children's books, died yesterday at her farm almost hither subsequently a long illness. Her age was 90.
    Article preview. Article available simply by subscription or purchase. (subscription required)
55. ^ Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burying Sites of More than Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed. McFarland. ISBN978-0786479924 – via Google Books.
56. ^ McHugh, Catherine. "5 Facts About Laura Ingalls Wilder". Biography . Retrieved January 15, 2021.
57. ^ Holtz 1995, pp. 334, 338.
58. ^ "Mansfield Plans Wilder Museum". Springfield News & Leader. February 24, 1957.
59. ^ Holtz 1995, p. 340.
60. ^ Run across Carolyn Fraser, Prairie Fires: The American Dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder. Henry Holt and Co., 2017. As well come across William Holtz, The Ghost in the Little House: A Life of Rose Wilder Lane. University of Missouri Press, 1995.
61. ^ Richardson, Lynda (November 23, 1999). "Little Library On the Offensive". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
62. ^ Encounter Carolyn Fraser, Prairie Fires: The American Dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder. Henry Holt and Co., 2017.
63. ^ Strait, Jefferson (April 28, 2001). "Wilder library on verge of settlement". Springfield News-Leader.
64. ^ Levine, Hallie (November 3, 1999). "Lawsuit on the Prairie: Battle Pits Pocket-sized Library Against Huge Manor". New York Mail service . Retrieved February 4, 2020.
65. ^ Tharp, Julie; Kleiman, Jeff (2000). ""Piffling House on the Prairie" and the Myth of Self-Reliance". Transformations: The Journal of Inclusive Scholarship and Pedagogy. 11 (1): 55–64. ISSN 1052-5017. JSTOR 43587224.
66. ^ "On the Way Home: The Diary Of A Trip From South Dakota To Mansfield, Missouri, In 1894". Kirkus Reviews. Nov one, 1962. Retrieved Oct ii, 2015.
67. ^ "Westward From Home: Letters Of Laura Ingalls Wilder, San Francisco, 1915". Kirkus Reviews. March ane, 1974. Retrieved Oct ii, 2015.
68. ^ Wilder, Laura (1991). Hines, Stephen W. (ed.). Little Firm in the Ozarks: The Rediscovered Writings. Nashville: T. Nelson. ISBN0883659689.
69. ^ "Little House in the Ozarks". Kirkus Reviews. July xv, 1991. Retrieved October 2, 2015. "Wilder was an experienced journalist; many of her articles, often written for a publication called Farmer's Calendar week, described her life on the farm where she and Almanzo had finally settled".
70. ^ ^{a b} "A Little House Reader: A Collection of Writings by Laura Ingalls Wilder". Kirkus Reviews. Dec 15, 1997. Retrieved October two, 2015.
71. ^ Wilder, Laura Ingalls (2006). Hines, Stephen W. (ed.). Writings to young women from Laura Ingalls Wilder. Nashville, TN: Tommy Nelson. ISBN1400307848. OCLC 62341531.
72. ^ "The Selected Messages Of Laura Ingalls Wilder". ingallshomestead.com . Retrieved December 24, 2016.
73. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Farm Journalist". ingallshomestead.com . Retrieved December 24, 2016.
74. ^ Wilder, Laura (1998). Hines, Stephen W (ed.). Laura Ingalls Wilder's fairy poems. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Pub. Group. ISBN978-0385325332. OCLC 37361669.
75. ^ "Habitation". Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum (lauraingallspepin.com). Retrieved February 8, 2015.
76. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum". Walnut Grove, MN (walnutgrove.org). Retrieved February 8, 2015.
77. ^ "Ingalls Homestead". Ingalls Homestead.
78. ^ Ingalls, Discover Laura. "Tour the original homes of the Ingalls family". Laura Ingalls Wilder Historic Homes.
79. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Pageant". Laura Ingalls Wilder Pageant.
80. ^ "Abode". Laura Ingalls Wilder Park and Museum (lauraingallswilder.united states). Retrieved February 24, 2008.
81. ^ "Habitation". Little Firm on the Prairie Museum (littlehouseontheprairiemuseum.com). Retrieved Feb 8, 2015.
82. ^ "Wilder Homestead, Boyhood Home of Almanzo". almanzowilderfarm.com . Retrieved December 24, 2016.
83. ^ "Newbery Medal and Honor Books, 1922–Present". ALSC. ALA.
    "The John Newbery Medal". ALSC. ALA. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
84. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder Laurels, Past winners". Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). American Library Association (ALA).
    "Almost the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award". ALSC. ALA. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
85. ^ "Association removes Laura Ingalls Wilder's name from award". AP News. Associated Printing. June 24, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
86. ^ "Laura Ingalls Wilder'southward 148th Birthday". Retrieved June 10, 2015.
87. ^ "2006". www.cherryblossomfest.com. Retrieved May 14, 2019.

Works cited [edit]

• Holtz, William (1993). The Ghost in the Little House: A Life of Rose Wilder Lane . University of Missouri Printing. ISBN0-8262-0887-8.
• Holtz, William (1995). The Ghost in the Little Business firm: A Life of Rose Wilder Lane. University of Missouri Press. ISBN0-8262-1015-five. – Edition: illustrated, reprint, revised; 427 pp.; selections and bibliographic information retrieved from Google Books 2015-10-15.
• Miller, John E. (1998). Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder: The Woman Backside the Legend . Academy of Missouri Press. ISBN0-8262-1167-4.
• Miller, John E. (2008). Laura Ingalls Wilder and Rose Wilder Lane: Authorship, Place, Time, and Culture . University of Missouri Press. ISBN978-0-8262-1823-0.

Further reading [edit]

• Campbell, Donna (2003). "'Written with a Hard and Ruthless Purpose': Rose Wilder Lane, Edna Ferber, and Middlebrow Regional Fiction". In Botshon, Lisa; Goldsmith, Meredith (eds.). Middlebrow Moderns: Popular American Women Writers of the 1920s. pp. 25–. hdl:2376/5707. ISBN978-1-55553-556-8.
• Cochran-Smith, Marilyn (2016). "Color Blindness and Basket Making Are Not the Answers: Confronting the Dilemmas of Race, Culture, and Language Diversity in Teacher Education". American Educational Research Periodical. 32 (iii): 493–522. doi:x.3102/00028312032003493. S2CID 146270683.
• Fatzinger, Amy S. (2008). "Indians in the House": Revisiting American Indians in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Piffling House Books (PhD Thesis). University of Arizona. hdl:10150/195771.
• Fraser, Caroline (2017). Prairie Fires: The American Dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder. New York: Metropolitan Books.
• Heldrich, Philip (2000). "'Going to Indian Territory': Attitudes Toward Native Americans in Little Firm on the Prairie". Great Plains Quarterly. 20 (2): 99–109. JSTOR 23532729.
• Composition, Patricia Nelson (Nov twenty, 2017). "'Little House on the Prairie' and the Truth About the American West". The New York Times.
• Sickels, Amy (2007). Laura Ingalls Wilder . Facts On File. ISBN9781438123783.
• Smulders, Sharon (2002). "'The Only Good Indian': History, Race, and Representation in Laura Ingalls Wilder'southward Trivial Business firm on the Prairie". Children'south Literature Association Quarterly. 27 (iv): 191–201. doi:10.1353/chq.0.1688.
• Singer, Amy (2015). "Piffling Girls on the Prairie and the Possibility of Destructive Reading". Girlhood Studies. 8 (2): 4–20. doi:10.3167/ghs.2015.080202.
• Stewart, Michelle Pagni (2013). "'Counting Coup' on Children's Literature about American Indians: Louise Erdrich's Historical Fiction". Children'south Literature Association Quarterly. 38 (2): 215–35. doi:10.1353/chq.2013.0019.

External links [edit]

• Laura Ingalls Wilder in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
• Laura Ingalls Wilder at Library of Congress Regime, with 144 itemize records
• Beyond Petty House – Laura Ingalls Wilder Legacy and Enquiry Association
• Laura Ingalls Wilder, Frontier Girl
• Travel map of Laura Ingalls Wilder – A map showing Laura Ingalls Wilder's travels from her nascency in 1867 to 1894.
• Nearly the Ingalls Family (Sarah S. Uthoff)
• Western American Literature Research: Laura Ingalls Wilder
• Laura Ingalls Wilder: An American Fixture (Pamela Smith Hill)

Museums [edit]

• Laura Ingalls Wilder Historic Home & Museum, Mansfield, Missouri
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Walnut Grove, Minnesota:
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Park & Museum, Burr Oak, Iowa

Electronic editions [edit]

• Works by Laura Ingalls Wilder at Faded Folio (Canada)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder

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